Java is platform independent, reliable Programming language introduced by sun systems, used mainly to Develop Internet applications and applets. Java is used to create web-based applications and allows user interaction on the Internet. Java allows us to have animation, audio and video clippings in our web page. Java Programming helps in writing Programs using which one can connect to any computer on the Internet.

The Java programming language is robust and versatile, enabling developers to:

Write software on one platform and run it on another.

Create programs to run within a web browser.

Develop server-side applications for online forums, stores, polls, processing HTML forms, and more.

Write applications for cell phones, two-way pagers, and other consumer devices.

It's no wonder the Java platform attracts so many new developers.

JAVA was designed to support applications on networks. In general, networks are composed of a variety of systems with a variety of CPU and operating system architectures. In order for an JAVA application to be able to execute anywhere on the network, the compiler generates an architecture neutral object file format — the compiled code is executable on many processors, given the presence of the JAVA runtime. {Gosling, 1995 #58, 1}

If small Java programs or applets could be embedded in Web pages, then Web pages need longer be static. The Java-enhanced web browser could execute downloaded programs on the fly without any prior installation or configuration of those programs by a user. Netscape Corporation agreed to implement and incorporate a Java Virtual Machine, a substantial and sophisticated chunk of code, into Netscape Navigator, a proprietary product. Microsoft Corporation reluctantly followed soon after, licensing Java for Internet Explorer. It turns out that the promise of animated, audiovisual, interactive web pages did not really come to fruition through Java. Many difficulties beset Java applets (speed of the virtual machine in running graphics code, download time for Java applets, reliability, incompatible implementations of the virtual machine on different platforms, and complexity of programming applets in comparison to other techniques such as Flash, etc.). Today Java applets are relatively uncommon on web pages, even though they have technical capabilities that parallel those of Flash animations.

History
 
Duke, the Java mascot.Java started as a project called "Oak" (The name came from an oak tree that stood outside the Sun Microsystems office) by James Gosling in June 1991 for use in a set top box project.[3] Gosling's goals were to implement a virtual machine and a language that had a familiar C/C++ style of notation[4]. The first public implementation was Java 1.0 in 1995. It promised "Write Once, Run Anywhere" (WORA), providing no-cost runtimes on popular platforms. It was fairly secure and its security was configurable, allowing network and file access to be restricted. Major web browsers soon incorporated the ability to run secure Java "applets" within web pages. Java became popular quickly. With the advent of "Java 2", new versions had multiple configurations built for different types of platforms. For example, J2EE was for enterprise applications and the greatly stripped down version J2ME was for mobile applications. J2SE was the designation for the Standard Edition. In 2006, new "J2" versions were renamed Java EE, Java ME, and Java SE, respectively.

In 1997, Sun approached the ISO/IEC JTC1 standards body and later the Ecma International to formalize Java, but it soon withdrew from the process.[5][6][7] Java remains a proprietary de facto standard that is controlled through the Java Community Process.[8] Sun makes most of its Java implementations available without charge, with revenue being generated by specialized products such as the Java Enterprise System. Sun distinguishes between its Software Development Kit (SDK) and Runtime Environment (JRE) which is a subset of the SDK, the primary distinction being that in the JRE the compiler is not present.

On November 13, 2006, Sun released parts of Java as free/open source software, under the GNU General Public License (GPL). On May 8, 2007, Sun finished the process, making all of Java's core code open source, aside from a small subset that remains encumbered under GPLv2.[9]
 

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